India will submit its updated Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) on November 10, coinciding with the start of the U.N. Climate Change Conference COP30 in Brazil. Sources from the Environment Ministry indicated that the updated targets are likely to include increased commitments to energy efficiency improvement. 

NDCs are renewable-energy and emissions reduction goals that countries adopt under the Paris Agreement. They require nations to regulate fossil fuel consumption to limit global warming to 2°C, and ideally 1.5°C, above pre-industrial levels. Countries are required to update their NDCs every five years. 

India last updated its NDCs in 2022, committing to reduce the emissions intensity of GDP by 45% from 2005 levels, source half of its electric power capacity from non-fossil fuel sources, and create a carbon sink of at least two billion tonnes, all by 2030. As of December 2023, India reported that emissions intensity had already fallen 33% between 2005 and 2019, and by June 2025, at least 50% of its power capacity came from non-fossil fuel sources. 

The updated NDCs, also referred to as NDC 3.0, are expected to set emissions reduction targets for 2035. Only around 30 of the 190 countries have submitted their NDCs so far, and it is common for nations to finalize submissions just ahead of climate talks. 

India has also signed a Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM) agreement with Japan and is negotiating similar bilateral arrangements with other countries. These agreements allow developed and developing nations to jointly invest in clean energy projects and share emission reductions through verified carbon credits. 

Additionally, India is expected to operationalize the India Carbon Market by 2026, under which 13 major sectors will have mandatory emission-intensity targets. Companies that exceed reductions can trade emission reduction certificates to monetize their savings.